Advance tax is tax that is paid in installments throughout the year, rather than paying the entire tax liability at the time of filing the tax return. It is applicable to individuals, HUFs (Hindu Undivided Family), firms, and companies.
Any assessee whose tax liability is more than Rs 10,000 in a financial year is obligated to pay advance tax (with some exceptions).
If you are required to pay advance tax, you need to pay it in installments throughout the year, based on the following schedule:
- 15% of the tax liability by June 15
- 45% of the tax liability (less tax already paid) by September 15
- 75% of the tax liability (less tax already paid) by December 15
- 100% of the tax liability (less tax already paid) by March 15 of the following year
If you fail to pay your advance tax as per the schedule, you may be liable to pay a penalty.
In the context of your example, if your tax liability is estimated to be Rs. 2,00,000 and you have not made any advance tax payments in the first two installments, then the payment of Rs. 1,50,000 that you made in the third installment is correct. However, a penalty of 1.00% per month (or part of the month) for the default period will be levied since the advance tax is not paid by the due date.